EN 469 sets the requirements for protective clothing for structural firefighting. The suit is a multi-layer system: a flame-resistant outer shell, a moisture barrier and a thermal liner.
Two levels
| Level | Heat transfer | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Lower protection — open ground, wildland, technical rescue | Work where there is no flashover risk |
| Level 2 | Full protection — structural firefighting | Interior attack, where heat levels are high |
Test parameters
- Xf
- Heat transfer from flame (HTI)
- Xr
- Heat transfer from radiation (RHTI)
- Y
- Water penetration resistance — Y1 or Y2
- Z
- Water vapour resistance — Z1 or Z2
Why vapour permeability matters just as much
Heat stress inside firefighting clothing is as real a hazard as the fire. In a multi-layer, waterproof suit sweat cannot escape and core temperature rises quickly. Class Z1 material passes vapour far better and extends safe working time.
The clothing must also carry retroreflective tape for visibility, durable seams, and a cut that forms a continuous barrier with the helmet, gloves, boots and breathing apparatus — no gaps at the neck, wrists or waist.